Fluid Mechanics
A 2" gate valve fitted in a pipe is replaced by a similar globe valve. Pressure drop in gate valve was Δp. For the same discharge, the pressure drop across globe valve is

Δp
> Δp
< Δp
Δp²

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Fluid Mechanics
The Prandtl mixing length is

Zero at the pipe wall and is a universal constant
Independent of radial distance from the pipe axis
Useful for computing laminar flow problems
Independent of the shear stress

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